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1. Nanotechnologies
   Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.

   Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. The earliest, widespread description of nanotechnology referred to the particular technological goal of precisely manipulating atoms and molecules for fabrication of macroscale products, also now referred to as molecular nanotechnology.
2. Natural Langauge Processing (NLP)
   The software that enables humans to interact naturally with technology and machines. Advances in natural language processing (NLP) and speech recognition are making it much easier for humans to interact naturally with technology and machines―and companies are starting to recognize this value.

   It seems straightforward, but you can’t work with machines if you can’t communicate with them. The developments in how people interface with machines are a driving force behind the new wave of humancomputer collaboration seen in the enterprise. Advances in natural language processing (NLP) and speech recognition are making it much easier for humans to interact naturally with technology and machines―and companies are starting to recognize this value.
3. Near Field Communication (NFC)
   A protocol that enables smartphones and other devices to establish radio communication with each other by close proximity. (Near Field Communication) NFC has been overshadowed in IoT applications by other protocols such as BLE.

   Short-range wireless communication between devices, used in applications such as contactless mobile payments, transport ticketing, and phone-as-key. Using NFC, consumers can pay for retail items simply by bringing their mobile phones into the range of the sensor and confirming the transaction. NFC has been overshadowed in IoT applications by other protocols such as BLE.
4. Nearables
   Coined for the similarity to “wearables,” this describes items with nearby tracking devices, or beacons, attached to them. Nearables can communicate with smart devices, such as smartphones, to let the user interact with objects in their vicinity.

   Nearables can communicate with smart devices, such as smartphones, to let the user interact with objects in their vicinity.
5. Network Security
   A connected factory requires the use of standard communication protocols to enable machine-to-machine communication. As a result, secure, reliable communication and sophisticated identity and access management of machines and users are essential.

   As a result, secure, reliable communication and sophisticated identity and access management of machines and users are essential. Once secure, operations have opportunities to integrate industrial security and thread prevention across converging networks.
6. Not Only SQL (NoSQL)
   A broad class of database management systems. Not Only SQL (NoSQL) database, is an approach to data management and database design that's useful for very large sets of distributed data.

   NoSQL database, also called Not Only SQL, is an approach to data management and database design that's useful for very large sets of distributed data. NoSQL, which encompasses a wide range of technologies and architectures, seeks to solve the scalability and big data performance issues that relational databases weren’t designed to address. NoSQL is especially useful when an enterprise needs to access and analyze massive amounts of unstructured data or data that's stored remotely on multiple virtual servers in the cloud. Contrary to misconceptions caused by its name, NoSQL does not prohibit structured query language (SQL). While it's true that some NoSQL systems are entirely non-relational, others simply avoid selected relational functionality such as fixed table schemas and join operations. For example, instead of using tables, a NoSQL database might organize data into objects, key/value pairs or tuples. Arguably, the most popular NoSQL database is Apache Cassandra. Cassandra, which was once Facebook’s proprietary database, was released as open source in 2008. Other NoSQL implementations include SimpleDB, Google BigTable, Apache Hadoop, MapReduce, MemcacheDB, and Voldemort. Companies that use NoSQL include NetFlix, LinkedIn and Twitter.