A digital twin is a digital replica of potential and actual physical assets (physical twin), processes, people, places, systems and devices that can be used for various purposes.

Disease tracking use cases use unified reporting platforms to provides management with a holistic overview of population health conditions across multiple sites and over time.

Driver performance monitoring uses sensors to measure driver safety, fuel efficiency, and compliance with traffic regulations.

Edge computing and edge intelligence shifts data processing, computing applications, and services away from centralized cloud based servers to the edges of a network.

Energy management systems (EMS) enable operators of electric utility grids to monitor, control, and optimize the performance of power generation, storage, and transmission.

Energy storage management systems store and distribute energy from different sources to be integrated for use when it is needed.

Automated experimentation encompasses all aspects of the automation of clusters of high throughput experiments in the fields of biomedicine and chemistry.

Facial recognition systems are capable of identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video source.

Factory Operations Visibility and Intelligence (FOVI) is designed to collect sensor data generated on the factory floor, production-equipment logs, production plans and statistics, operator information, and to integrate all this and other related information in the cloud.

Farm monitoring and precision farming are farm management concepts that uses sensors, data from external systems, such as weather reports, and network communciation to tailor farming operations to the specific conditions of each field.

Fleet management is an administrative approach that allows companies to organize and coordinate work vehicles to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and provide compliance with government regulations.

A flexible manufacturing system is a production method that is designed to easily adapt to changes in the type and quantity of the product being manufactured. Machines and computerized systems can be configured to manufacture a variety of parts and handle changing levels of production.

Fog computing refers to a decentralized computing structure, where resources, including the data and applications, get placed in logical locations between the data source and the cloud

Food safety management aims to heighten and maintain product quality by monitoring storage conditions of food items and by increasing traceability.

Fraud detection has become increasingly important with the increase in automated and digital transactions. IoT fraud detection systems collect and use big data in real-time to detect fraudulent financial activity, send alerts, and block transactions.

Geofencing is a technology that uses GPS, RFID, or other location tracking or object detection technology to define geographical boundaries.

Immersive analytics builds upon the fields of data visualisation, visual analytics, virtual reality, computer graphics, and human-computer interaction.

Indoor air quality monitoring (IAQ) is carried out to assess the extent of pollution, ensure compliance with national or local legislation, evaluate pollution control options, and provide data for air quality modeling.

An indoor positioning system (IPS) is a network of devices used to locate people or objects where GPS and other satellite technologies lack precision or fail entirely, such as inside multistory buildings, airports, parking garages, and underground locations.

Industrial wearable devices are tools designed to improve workplace productivity, safety, and efficiency in sectors such as manufacturing, logistics, and mining.

Infrastructure inspection aims to automate or remotely perform inspection on infrastructure that would have otherwise been manually done in a safer and more cost-efficient manner.

In-process traceability helps companies to maintain complete visibility not only of work in progress components and assemblies, but also of carriers, tools, human resources, and other production resources benefiting from enhanced visibility and traceability.

Intelligent packaging consists of packaging that includes some type of identification tag that can be automatically tracked as the packaging move across the supply chain.

Intelligent Urban Water Supply Management uses IoT gateways to securely connect the water supply asset (e.g. pressurizing pumps) to the cloud service platform where advanced analytics are applied to the operational data communicated from the assets.

Intrusion detection systems monitor network traffic and search for suspicious activity and known threats, sending alerts when suspicious activity is identified.

Inventory management solutions aim to automate the inventory management process and increase accuracy and reliability.

Last mile delivery combines data from tracking sensors, delivery systems, maps, and vehicles or drones to increase the efficiency of short distance deliveries, typically between a warehouse and a consumer.

Leakage and flood monitoring systems consist of ultra-low-power sensor nodes designed for use in rugged environments or hard-to-access locations and may also include a data aggregation and modelling platform.

Leasing finance automation uses sensors to detect assets usage and bill customers based on the usage. The asset usage lease or loan contract can be monitored from origination to end of life on a single, secure platform.