楼宇自动化与控制
概述
楼宇自动化和控制 (BAC) 系统涉及控制楼宇系统各个方面的硬件和软件的组合，可能包括电力、照明和照明、访问和安全、供暖、通风和空调系统 (HVAC)、环境传感器、电梯和自动扶梯和娱乐。楼宇自动化和控制系统的好处包括有效控制环境条件、单独房间控制、提高员工生产力、有效利用能源、提高设备可靠性和预防性维护。例如，系统可以提供有关建筑设备问题的信息，允许计算机化维护调度，而不是被动地识别和管理问题。建筑管理系统最常用于具有广泛的机械、暖通空调、电气和管道系统的大型项目中。楼宇管理系统 (BMS) 是 BAC 用例的核心。连接到 BMS 的系统通常占建筑物能源使用量的 40%；如果包括照明，这个数字平均接近 70%。因此，BMS 系统是管理能源需求的关键组件。不正确配置的 BMS 系统被认为会导致典型建筑能耗的 20% 或美国总能耗的 8% 左右的浪费。
适用行业
- 能源
适用功能
- 维护
- 产品开发
市场规模
商业观点
BACS系统的核心功能是什么？
- 保持对建筑物环境的控制
- 根据占用率和能源需求运行系统
- 监控和纠正系统的性能
- 根据需要发出声音警报
BACS 可以控制哪些设施？
机械系统、管道、电气系统、供暖、通风和空调 (HVAC)、照明控制、安全和监视、警报和电梯。
技术观点
哪些传感器通常用于向物联网系统提供数据，哪些因素定义了它们的部署？
低功率或能量收集、微型、安全和多功能的传感器可以降低资本支出、降低维护成本和更容易部署。来自传感器的数据通过无数专有和开放协议通过路由器、网关、节点和边缘计算机进行转换和传输。网关转换和桥接协议，并通过中央工作站和移动设备实现对建筑物的内部控制。
哪些因素定义了用于集成的云和边缘平台？
网关还通过蜂窝或以太网连接将建筑物连接到云。云支持远程访问、更高级别的分析以及与电网和微电网的通信。
BACS 的基本组成部分是什么？
传感器：测量温度、湿度、照明水平、房间占用率等值。
控制器：使用应用逻辑和发送命令的算法，从收集的数据中激发系统的响应。
输出设备：执行来自控制器的命令。
通信协议：BACS 组件使用的“语言”。
仪表板：用于数据报告和与 BACS 系统交互的用户界面。
部署挑战
哪些业务挑战会影响部署？
由于组织结构各不相同，找到要安装的最佳系统和传感器是一项巨大的挑战。这是个案情况。另一个挑战是克服可能出现的潜在安全问题和高额初始投资。
案例研究.
Case Study
BACnet enabled Wireless Temperature Monitoring System
Client offered a Temperature Monitoring System which consists of Wireless Transmitters and Application Software. Third party BACnet Application such as a Building Automation System needs access to vital parameter such as temperature, humidity, CO2, etc., measured by wireless sensor devices. Client needed a solution to allow data exchange from its Temperature Monitoring System with BMS.
Case Study
Intelligent Building Automation System and Energy Saving Solution
One of the most difficult problems facing the world is conserving energy in buildings. However, it is not easy to have a cost-effective solution to reduce energy usage in a building. One solution for saving energy is to implement an intelligent building automation system (BAS) which can be controlled according to its schedule. In Indonesia a large university with a five floor building and 22 classrooms wanted to save the amount of energy being used.
Case Study
Star Refrigeration
Star Refrigeration’s TELSTAR control system uses the LonWorks® network. This fieldbus network has become the standard for the building management industry, which encompasses refrigeration and air conditioning. Star’s Electronic Systems Manager and Senior Development Engineers needed to source a SCADA HMI which would fulfil their data acquisition and monitoring requirements and match their networking needs. The ability to fit into LonWorks was a key requirement for the project. Adroit adopted a close, co-operative approach and adapted their SCADA HMI by writing a comprehensive interface to the LonWorks network. The Adroit SCADA HMI monitors data and performance of industrial refrigeration plants manufactured and installed by Star. In addition, the system provides an operator interface for altering plant control, with appropriate levels of security, using the TELSTAR system. The software is now the main data monitoring operator interface for TELSTAR, and is used in applications ranging from ice rinks and air conditioning to pharmaceuticals, distilling, fish processing and food storage. Star’s Development Engineers received training from Adroit, attending Adroit 2 + 1, a fast track course designed for system integrators and experienced end users, and the Adroit Advanced course. Star Refrigeration staff are now able to carry out their own in-house Adroit training for operators.
